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"˜Abdü"™l-"˜AzÄ«z (Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز) (February 9, 1830 "“ 1876) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1861 to May 30, 1876. He was a son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother "˜Abdu"™l-Mijid I in 1861. His personal interference in government affairs was not very marked, and extended to little more than taking astute advantage of the constant issue of state loans during his reign to acquire wealth, which was squandered in building palaces and in other futile ways: he is even said to have profited, by means of bear sales, from the default on the Turkish debt in 1875 and the consequent fall in prices. Another source of revenue was afforded by Ismail Pasha, the khedive of Egypt, who paid heavily in bakshish for the firman of 1866, by which the succession to the khedivate was made hereditary from father to son in direct line and in order of primogeniture, as well as for the subsequent firmans of 1867, 1869 and 1872 extending the khedive's prerogatives. It is, however, only fair to add that the sultan was doubtless influenced by the desire to bring about a similar change in the succession to the Ottoman throne and to ensure the succession after him of his eldest son, Yussuf Izz-ed-din. Abdülâziz visited Western Europe in 1867, being the first Ottoman sultan to do so, including a visit to England, where he was made a Knight of the Garter by Queen Victoria and shown a Royal Navy Fleet Review with his Khedive of Egypt. He travelled by private rail car, which today can be found in the RMK Museum in Istanbul. In 1869 he received visits from Empress Eugenie of France and other foreign monarchs on their way to the opening of the Suez Canal. The future Edward VII of the United Kingdom, while Prince of Wales, twice visited Istanbul. The misgovernment and financial straits of the country brought on the outbreak of Muslim discontent and fanaticism which eventually culminated in the murder of two consuls at Salonica and in the "Bulgarian atrocities", and cost Abdülâziz his throne. His deposition on May 30, 1876 was hailed with joy throughout Turkey; a fortnight later he was found dead in the palace where he had been confined, and trustworthy medical evidence attributed his death to suicide although many people believed he was murdered by a conspiracy lead by Huseyin Avni Pasha and Mithat Pasha. Huseyin Avni Pasha was killed by a soldier called Cerkez Hasan Bey after few days from the death of the sultan. Mithat Pasha was arrested and accused to be a membre of the conspiracy in 1881 and sentenced to death but the sentence was commuted to banishment. Seven children survived him:
ReferencesWikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about:
Abd-ul-Aziz
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Categories: Articles lacking sources | Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica | Sultans of the Ottoman Empire | Knights of the Garter | 1830 births | 1876 deaths
Source: en.wikipedia.org
The above document is available under GNUFDL
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