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Adana |
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Adana is the capital of Adana Province. According to the 2000 census, with 1,130,710 inhabitants [1], it is the fifth most populous city of Turkey (after Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir and Bursa). The 2006 estimate of Adana's population is 1,271,894. One of the largest and most dynamic cities in Turkey and situated thirty kilometres (nineteen miles) inland, Adana derives its importance from its location as the gateway to the Cilician plain, now known as the Çukurova plain. It is located on the east side of the Taurus Mountains and consists of a large stretch of flat and fertile land that is possibly the most productive in this part of the world. Adana happens to be the marketing and distribution center for an agricultural region where cotton, wheat, barley, grapes, citrus fruits, olives, and tobacco are produced in great quantities. The main industries of the city are textile manufacturing, tanning, and wool processing. The city is also famous for its cuisine, some examples of its specialties include the Adana kebab and şalgam, a local variety of turnip juice. Financial Times affiliated Foreign Direct Investment Magazine named Adana among the 25 European Regions of the Future for 2006/2007.[2] Elected alongside with Kocaeli for Turkey, Adana scored the most points for cost effectiveness against Kocaeli's more points for infrastructure development, while Adana and Kocaeli tied on points for the categories of human resources and quality of life.
EtymologyIts name is derived from Hittite polity URUAdaniya of Kizzuwatna. In the Iliad of Homer, the city is called Adana. In Hellenistic times, it was known as Antiochia in Cilicia (Greek: Αντιόχεια της Κιλικίας) or Antiochia ad Sarum (Greek: Αντιόχεια η Ï€Ï?ος ΣάÏ?ον; "Antiocia on the Sarus"). The editors of The Helsinki Atlas tentatively identify Adana as Quwê (as contained in cuneiform tablets), the Neo-Assyrian capital of Quwê province. The name also appears as Coa, and may be the place, as referred to in the Bible, where King Solomon obtained horses. (I Kings 10:28; II Chron. 1:16).[3] According to a different point of view, it is believed that the name of the Thunder God that lived in the forest covered regions, Adad (Tesup), was given to the region between the Taurus Mountains and the Seyhan River (Adad and Tesup were the Thunder Gods of the Hittites and the Syrian/Mesopotamian tribes, respectively). Considering the fact that these groups traded ideas, names and writing styles between each other, this can be considered a strong possibility. According to this point of view, since the Thunder God brought so much rain and this rain in turn brought such great abundance in this particular region, this god was loved and respected by its inhabitants and, in his honor, the region was called the 'Uru Adaniyya'; in other words 'The Region of Ada'. Adana's name has had many different versions over the centuries. In addition to Adana these include: Adanos, Ta Adana, Uru Adaniya, Erdene, Edene, Ezene, Batana, Atana, Azana. HistoryHistorically, Adana was more important for its agriculture while Tarsus was the metropolis of the area. Today, even though Tarsus remains an important regional and historical center, Adana has become an international metropolis, stretching and swallowing other neighboring centers and towns in its metropolitan area. OverviewFinds in the region reveal human occupation of the area during the Paleolithic Age. Generally speaking, the history of Adana goes back 3000 years, and the city was directly and indirectly the subject of many epic poems and legends over the course of many millennia. Adana is mentioned by name in a Sumerian epic, the Epic of Gilgamesh. The history of Adana is intrinsically linked to the history of Tarsus; they seem often to be the same city, moving as the neighbouring Seyhan River changed its position and the name changed over the course of centuries. Adana was of little importance in ancient history; Tarsus, Ayas (today Yumurtalik), and Kozan (formerly Sis) have usually been the major population and administrative centers, especially during the time of the Kingdom of Lesser Armenia. AntiquityTepebag Tumulus, where archeologists found a stone wall and a city center, was built in the Neolithic Age; it is considered to be the oldest city of the Cilicia region. According to the inscription of Kava, which was written by the Hittites and found in Hattusas (BogazKoy), Kitvanza Kingdom was the first kingdom that ruled Adana, which was under the protection of the Hittites in 1335 BC. In the inscription of Kava, the official name of the city was Uru Adaniyya and the inhabitants of the city were called Danuna. The name of the city is believed to have come from a legend in which Adanus and Sarus, two sons of Uranus, come to a place near the Seyhan River where they build Adana. After the rule of the Hittites, circa 1191-1189 B.C, invasions from the west caused many small kingdoms to take hold. In chronological order, these were: Kue Kingdom, Assyrians, 9th century BC; Clinician Kingdom, Persians, 6th century BC; Alexander the Great in 333 BC; Seleucids; and the pirates of Cilicia and Roman statesman Pompey the Great. For several centuries thereafter it was a waystation on a Roman military road leading to the East. During the era of Pompey, the city was used as a prison for the pirates of Cilicia. Cilicia and Adana were probably developed during the time of Julian. With the building of large bridges, roads, government buildings, and irrigation and plantation, Adana and Cilicia became the most developed and important trade centers of the region. After the split of the Roman Empire, the area became part of the Byzantine Empire. Middle AgesIn the 7th century, after Roman rule, the Abbasids ruled Adana. According to an Arab historian of the era, the name of the city was derived from Ezene, the prophet Yazene's grandson. The Byzantines regained control of the area in the beginning of the 10th century, after the Abbasids lost power. Other kingdoms that ruled the city were chronologically Armenian Kingdom and Inhabitants of Selonica. After the victory of Alp Arslan in the Battle of Manzikert, large numbers of Turks arrived in the region and they called the region 'Çukurova' instead of 'Cilicia'. The Seljuks captured the city from the Mamluks. Though there had been times of peace between the two kingdoms, they would usually end up fighting for the control of this territory. When the Seljuks captured Adana, they brought Karamanids to Çukurova to keep the border safe. However, the Seljuk dominance of Adana ended with the coming of the Crusaders in 1097. After which it was part of the kingdom of Cilician Armenia for nearly 300 years. The Mamluks re-captured the city in 1360 from Gosdantin III, allowing many Turkmen families to settle in it. The Ramazanoğlu family, one of the Turkmen families brought by the Mamluks, ruled Adana until the Ottomans captured the city. Modern EraFrom the end of the Renaissance to the modern era (1517"“1918), the Ottoman Empire ruled the area. England, France and Russia entered into a political struggle with the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. In order to undermine and destroy the Ottoman rule, they helped the Egyptian Governor Mehmet Ali Pasha in his rebellion against the Ottomans, after which the province fell back under Ottoman sovereignty quite quickly, but anyways resulted in the establishment of an administrative province that led to Adana becoming a province in its own right. In 1909 Adana was the site of what is termed the Adana massacre.[4] Turkish scholars and some others refer to the event as the Adana rebellion based on a thesis of its underlying causes.[5] After World War I, the Ottoman government gave the control of the city over to Allied forces. During the Turkish War of Independence, Adana was strategically important. Mustafa Kemal came to the city on October 31, 1918 and stayed there for eleven days. As a result, he decided to fight against the Allies and the idea of what he called Kuvayi Milliye was born. Turkish nationalists grouped together and fought until February 5, 1921.
Chronology
FeaturesThe houses in Adana have flat tops, and the roofs serve as bedrooms for the inhabitants during the hot summers. Several types of fruit, including the apricot, are native to this area. From Adana, crossing the Çukurova going west, the road from Tarsus enters the foothills of the Taurus Mountains. The temperature decreases with every foot of ascent; the road reaches an altitude of nearly 4000 feet. It goes through the famous Cilician or Çukurova Gates, the rocky pass through which armies have coursed since the dawn of history, and continues to the Anatolian plain. SightseeingLocal points of interest include a stone bridge, built in part during the 6th-century reign of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, and the ruins of a castle dating from 782. Stone Bridge is the oldest extant bridge in the world which is still in use. Büyük Saat (The Great Clock), a large clock tower, was built by the local governor of Adana in 1882. Unfortunately, ıt was damaged during the French occupation but it was rebuilt in 1935, and its image can be found in the city's coat of arms. There is an old bazaar, Kazancılar Çarşısı (Bazaar of Cauldron-Makers), founded around Büyük Saat, where Çarşı Hamamı (Bath of the Bazaar), a Turkish bath built in 1519 can be found. Addiditionally, there are many historical buildings and tombs of local governors next to the Büyük Saat. Bebekli Kilise (Church of Babies) is an old Catholic church located in the city center. There are many historic houses in the street where the church is located. OTHERS
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Sports and AthleticsFootball Teams
Famous People from Adana
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Categories: Articles with sections needing expansion | Districts of Adana | Adana | Anatolia | Ancient Near East | Archaeological sites in Turkey | Cilicia | Cities along the Silk Road | Cities in Turkey | Cities named Antiochia | Ancient Greek sites in Turkey | Ancient Greek cities | Hellenistic colonies | Hittites | Roman sites in Turkey
Source: en.wikipedia.org
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